Tool wear observations according to Moshe Goldberg, manager of marketing, training and engineering support for Iscar Ltd., Tefen, Israel.
High stresses, High friction, High temp (1000°C) = tool damage
Adhesion wear:
Fragments of the workpiece get welded to the tool surface at high temperatures; eventually, they break off, tearing small parts of the tool with them.
Abrasion:
Hard particles, microscopic variations on the bottom surface of the chips
rub against the tool surface
Diffusion wear:
At high temperatures, atoms from tool diffuse across to the chip;
the rate of diffusion increases exponentially with temperature;
this reduces the fracture strength of the crystals.
